木棉纤维对水中柴油的吸附性能

用木棉纤维作为吸附材料对含油废水进行吸附研究,考察了吸附平衡时间、等温吸附、以及溶液pH、溶液盐浓度等因素对油吸附的影响。溶液pH对吸附影响很小,在不同的盐浓度下吸附略有下降,木棉纤维吸附剂对0#柴油的吸附所需平衡时间为4h,在室温和pH=7左右的条件下,吸附材料对0#柴油的最大吸附量(qm)为(31±0.81)g/g,等温吸附线符合Langmuir和Freundlich模式,研究结果表明:木棉纤维对含油废水的吸附能在较短的时间达到吸附饱和,吸附量较大,对溶液环境的适应能力强,具有很好的应用前景。     

植物修复富营养化水体分子机理的研究现状

植物修复富营养化水体具有成本低、效果好、简单易行、且可改善生态环境等优点,具有广阔的应用前景.高等水生植物在生长过程中能够大量吸收水体中的N,P等营养物质,同时释放化学物质,抑制浮游藻类生长,从而达到净化水体的效果.在此主要从分子水平介绍了植物去除富营养化水体中N,P的作用机理.     

基于灰色关联分析法的电缆火灾危险性分析

在分析电缆火灾危险性的基础上,依据电缆燃烧特性试验得到的热释放速率峰值、总热释放量、烟气生成速率峰值、总烟气生成量、火焰传播距离和火增长指数6个参数建立了基于试验的电缆火灾危险性的评价指标体系;运用灰色关联分析法选取每个参数指标的最大值构成参考序列,试验样品P1、P6、P7、T1、T2、D1和D27种电缆的参数数据组成比较序列,得到了表征电缆火灾危险性的关联度;通过关联度大小的比较,进而得出试验所选7种电缆的危险性由大到小的顺序依次为D1P1T1P6D2T2P7;结果表明运用灰色关联分析法评价电缆的火灾危险性是一种科学、有效的方法。     

区域COD、SO_2及TSP排放的空间自相关分析:以江苏省为例

空间自相关分析是空间统计学的一个重要组成部分,是认识空间格局的有效手段.针对研究的空间范围不同,常采用全局空间自相关和局部空间自相关来衡量区域空间自相关程度.利用江苏省1990~2006年13个省辖市COD、SO2和TSP排放量数据,采用空间自相关分析方法对江苏省环境污染排放区域异质性进行了研究.结果表明,江苏省COD和TSP排放总量分别从1990年的596 353 t和1 101 404 t显著下降到2006年的291 762 t和704 734 t,SO2排放量基本保持稳定;江苏省COD、SO2和TSP排放的空间自相关性随时间推移正在发生着变化,到2006年COD、SO2和TSP排放的Global Moran’s I分别达到0.465 7、0.214 2和0.510 1,呈现较显著的正空间自相关趋势,空间上的集聚分布格局业已形成,且COD排放先于SO2和TSP排放在空间呈现集聚格局,空间集聚的程度也较大;苏南与苏北的污染排放格局差异较大,苏南COD、SO2和TSP排放的Global Moran’s I值至2006年分别增加到0.499 7、0.320 2和0.298 3,集聚格局明显,而苏北COD、SO2...     

珠江口无机氮湿沉降规律及大气输送的研究

针对2007年3～11月广东中山市横门站的降水资料,分析了珠江口氮湿沉降特征及其来源.结果显示:研究期间横门降水中NH+4-N和NO-3-N的降雨量加权平均浓度分别为0.62和0.41mg·L-1;其季节变化规律表现为秋季最高,其次是春季,夏季最低.降水NH+4-N和NO-3-N的浓度呈显著正相关,与降水pH值呈负相关.利用气团轨迹后推以及天气形势得出,横门陆地性降水氮浓度最高,海洋性降水氮沉降通量最高.云下气团分类结果表明,海洋性NE类气团对横门无机氮湿沉降的输送负荷最大.     

厌氧氨氧化微生物在有机碳源条件下的代谢特性

通过多系列血清瓶实验并结合吉布斯自由能量分析探讨了厌氧氨氧化微生物在有机碳源条件下的代谢特性.实验结果表明：在葡萄糖作为有机碳源的条件下,低浓度的葡萄糖 (0.5 mmol·L-1) 能够促进厌氧氨氧化反应的速率,高浓度的葡萄糖 (≥1 mmol·L-1) 抑制了厌氧氨氧化活性;厌氧氨氧化微生物不仅具有厌氧氨氧化的代谢特性,还具有反硝化和硫酸盐还原的代谢能力.吉布斯自由能量分析表明： 在低浓度葡萄糖条件下,尽管最初厌氧氨氧化途径具有优势,但随后与反硝化途径展开竞争并处于劣势;在高浓度葡萄糖条件下,与厌氧氨氧化途径相比,反硝化途径完全占据优势;硫酸盐还原途径与厌氧氨氧化和反硝化途径相比不具有能量优势,只能发生在这两个途径之后.     

深圳市清水河垃圾焚烧厂周围地区优势植物的汞污染研究

为研究垃圾焚烧厂对周围植物的汞污染状况,分析了深圳市清水河垃圾焚烧厂周围优势植物茎叶以及土壤的总汞浓度.结果表明,该垃圾焚烧厂周围的优势植物均受到一定程度的汞污染,叶总汞浓度为0.0309~0.2467 mg.kg-1,平均值为0.0948 mg.kg-1,所选择的6种优势植物叶总汞的浓度:台湾相思豺皮樟马占相思大叶相思木荷梅叶冬青;茎总汞浓度为0.0074~0.1196 mg.kg-1,平均值为0.0417 mg.kg-1.同种植物茎叶总汞浓度呈显著正相关,而植物茎叶的总汞浓度与土壤总汞浓度并无显著相关性;在该垃圾焚烧厂主导风向的下风向,距污染源的距离和地形差异共同对烟气扩散浓度产生影响,而植物茎叶总汞浓度变化则与烟气扩散浓度的空间分异格局基本吻合.上述结果充分证明,本研究区内烟气-叶的交互作用在植物与环境的汞交换中占据主导地位.     

Phosphorus utilization and microbial community in response to lead/iron addition to a waterlogged soil

Constructed wetlands have emerged as a viable option for helping to solve a wide range of water quality problems. However, heavy metals adsorbed by substrates would decrease the growth of plants, impair the functions of wetlands and eventually result in a failure of contaminant removal. Typha latifolia L., tolerant to heavy metals, has been widely used for phytoremediation of Pb/Zn mine tailings under waterlogged conditions. This study examined e ects of iron as ferrous sulfate (100 and 500 mg/kg) and lead as lead nitrate (0, 100, 500 and 1000 mg/kg) on phosphorus utilization and microbial community structure in a constructed wetland. Wetland plants (T. latifolia) were grown for 8 weeks in rhizobags filled with a paddy soil under waterlogged conditions. The results showed that both the amount of iron plaque on the roots and phosphorus adsorbed on the plaque decreased with the amount of lead addition. When the ratio of added iron to lead was 1:1, phosphorus utilized by plants was the maximum. Total amount of phospholipids fatty acids (PLFAs) was 23%–59% higher in the rhizosphere soil than in bulk soil. The relative abundance of Gram-negative bacteria, aerobic bacteria, and methane oxidizing bacteria was also higher in the rhizosphere soil than in bulk soil, but opposite was observed for other bacteria and fungi. Based on cluster analysis, microbial communities were mostly controlled by the addition of ferrous sulfate and lead nitrate in rhizosphere and bulk soil, respectively.     

Isolation of marine benzo[a]pyrene-degrading Ochrobactrum sp. BAP5 and proteins characterization

A bacterial strain BAP5 with a relatively high degradation ability of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) was isolated from marine sediments of Xiamen Western Sea, China and identified as Ochrobactrum sp. according to 16S rRNA gene sequence as well as Biolog microbial identification system. Strain BAP5 could grow in mineral salt medium with 50 mg/L of BaP and degrade about 20% BaP after 30 d of incubation. Ochrobactrum sp. BAP5 was able to utilize other polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) (such as phenanthrene, pyrene and fluoranthene) as the sole carbon source and energy source, suggesting its potential application in PAHs bioremediation. The profile of total soluble protein from Ochrobactrum sp. BAP5 was also investigated. Some over- and special-expressed proteins of strain BAP5 when incubated with the presence of BaP were detected by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and found to be related with PAHs metabolism, DNA translation, and energy production based on peptide fingerprint analysis through matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry.     

风浪作用下太湖改性沉积物对藻体絮凝去除效果研究

以壳聚糖改性的太湖原位沉积物为分散介质,应用Y-型再悬浮发生装置,通过定量模拟太湖常见的中等级别风情,研究再悬浮作用下,改性沉积物对蓝藻水华的絮凝去除作用.结果表明,在黏土加入量为0.2　g·L^-1,壳聚糖分别为0.100和0.150　g·L^-1,其蓝藻的去除率分别为93.55%和99.19%;在静止30 min后,壳聚糖加入量为0.15 　g·L^-1时,水体的浊度去除率达到78.60%;静止8 h后,水体的浊度去除率达到93.88%.同时,短期内壳聚糖的加入对水体中PO^3-₄-P有一定的去除作用.初步结果表明,在中风风情下,壳聚糖的加入量为0.15　g·L^-1时,能更有效地去除蓝藻.表明利用壳聚糖改性沉积物来絮凝沉降太湖水华藻体,具有较好的应用前景.对比研究表明,引入水动力强度和水柱高度定量模拟方法,在确定壳聚糖投加量絮凝除藻中,具有明显的方法优势.